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Scientists in Antarctica have discovered what may be the former modern Bronx cheer ever discover . The 69 million - year - erstwhile fossil could finally put a longstanding debate about the line of descent of advanced birds to remain .
The nearly complete skull belongs toVegavis iaai , a waterfowl species believed to be the ancient relative of modern - day duck and geese . The specie lived at the same clip as dinosaurs likeTyrannosaurus rexand may have survived the end - Cretaceous raft extinguishing , the new study suggests .
Vegavis iaailived in Antarctica at the time the asteroid hit Earth and wiped out the nonavian dinosaurs.
Study carbon monoxide - authorJulia Clarke , a paleontologist at the University of Texas , Austin reportedthe firstV.iaaifossilfound on Vega Island in Antarctica in 1992 . The fossil was around 66 million to 68 million class quondam . She proposed that the metal money is yoke to modern birds , especially waterbird . Butnot everyone was convincedas scientist were missing a key man of the mystifier — the creature ’s skull .
" [ The initial fossil ] was just a completely different part of the skeleton . And when it comes to birds , the skull has a lot of phylogenetic or informative feature that tell you what it is , " study co - authorPatrick O ' Connor , an evolutionary biologist at Ohio University , told Live Science .
Related : How did razz survive the dinosaur - pop asteroid ?
Digital reconstruction of the complete Vegavis skull showed its resemblance to modern birds
The newV.iaaifossil , estimated to be 68 million to 69 million year erstwhile , was encounter during an expedition in 2011 , but has only now been analyse . Thestudywas issue Wednesday ( Feb. 5 ) in the journal Nature .
The discovery of the novel skull enable scientists to discover more about this mintage and how it fits in the hoot family tree . They found that , unlike pre - forward-looking hoot that existed during the Jurassic and Cretaceous period ( 201.3 million to 66 million years ago),V. iaaihas feature that are similar to birds that be today — including a brain shape distinctive of New birds , and a unique osseous tissue in the upper beak . The upper beak of most pre - modern birds is made of a single bone , called the maxillary , with a little bit of another type of bone , pre - maxilla , at the summit .
" When we looked at theVegavis , it ’s the pre - maxilla all the style . The upper jawbone is tiny , which is exactly what we await from modern shuttle , " bailiwick conscientious objector - authorChristopher Torres , a paleontologist at The University of the Pacific in Stockton , California , secernate Live Science .
Skeletal drawing of the crown birdVegavis iaaithat lived in Antarctica 69 million years ago.
Using a 3D reconstruction , the scientists show up that the fowl had a long , narrow beak enhanced with powerful jaw heftiness , much like modern diving birds use to catch fish .
" Seeing how specialised the skull was , for me , the most impactful,“Juan Benito Moreno , a paleontologist at the University of Cambridge who was not affect in the study , told Live Science . " It was surprising to see an incredibly recess ecological feature so too soon in the evolution . "
The gargantuan asteroid that make Earth at the end of theCretaceous period(145 million to 66 million days ago ) drive all nonavian dinosaurs to extinction . Landfowls ( Galliformes ) and waterfowls ( Anseriformes ) were amongthe early modern birdsthat exist in the years of dinosaurs .
The oldest evidence of a modern bird was found on Vega Island in the Antarctic Peninsula.
While rapid phylogeny took spot after the mass extinction , " studies that wait at genomic comparability of New birds predict that the earliest divergency hap prior to that mess extinction , " Torres said . " But their fossil record is inordinately scarce . "
While the evidence point toV. iaaibeing associated with modernistic shuttle is strong , it ’s still not clear whether it really is a relative of modernistic ducks and cuckoo , he said .
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Daniel Ksepka , a paleontologist at the Bruce Museum in Connecticut who was not involved in the cogitation , agreed . " Vegavisseems to have been a moment of an odd duck’s egg , " he told Live Science in an email . " Provided the phylogeny is correct , a duck - like bill must have either evolved during the Cretaceous Period but been lose byVegavis , or evolve multiple time severally . It will be interesting to see if future fossils confirm one of these scenario . "
V. iaaiexisted when orbicular temperatures were far high than they are today , and when Antarctica had a temperate climate and was covered in vegetation . Its distance from the asteroid impact may have provide the metal money with some protection from the desolation that followed .
For O ' Connor , this study is the beginning of more discoveries to be base in the Cretaceous rocks of Antarctica . " The boo story is great , but we have other group[s ] of creature , and , significantly , plants , that we can cut through through that aggregate extinguishing event that really let us get a better handle on ecosystem reception to a ball-shaped environmental perturbation , " he said .
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